|
In jurisprudence, ''animus nocendi'' (Latin ''animus'', "mind" + gerund of ''noceo'', "to harm") is the subjective state of mind of the author of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences. In most modern legal systems, the ''animus nocendi'' is required as an essential condition to give a penal condemnation. The ''animus nocendi'' is usually demonstrated by the verified presence of these elements: *knowledge of a law that prohibited the discussed action or conduct (unless there exists a systemic obligation, pending on every citizen, that considers that the law has to be known by every adult — in this case the knowledge is presumed ''a priori''); *knowledge of the most likely consequences of his action; *precise intention of breaking the law or of causing the verified effects of the action. When the author of the crime had no ''animus nocendi'', it is usually considered that the crime still exists, but the author is innocent, unless a responsibility for guilt can be found in his conduct: the typical case of a car accident in which a wrong or even hazardous manoeuvre causes personal injuries to another car driver, is then managed as a crime for the presence of injuries, yet the author will not be prosecuted as the author of the injuries (he did not want to hurt the other driver, thus he had no ''animus nocendi''), but simply as the author of a dangerous conduct that indirectly caused said effects, and would be held responsible at a guilt title. The ''animus nocendi'' is often absent in people with mental illness, and in front of such people, a psychiatric expertise is usually required to verify the eventual ''animus''. Minors too are in many systems considered little capable of a correct knowledge about the meaning or the consequences of their actions, and this is the reason for the common reduction of the passive capability of punishment they usually can receive. A particular case of ''animus nocendi'' is the ''voluntas necandi''. ==See also== *''Mens rea'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Animus nocendi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|